Everyone’s War Becomes My War

When the City Itself Becomes a Technology of War

The essay is framed by the proposition that cities are the frontier spaces for much of what is usually referred to as global governance challenges. It uses the case of asymmetric war to explore the contradictions that arise from this urbanizing – most significantly, the limits of superior military power when war moves to cities and the ways in which this makes powerlessness complex rather than ...

War

War ,

Anyone who is inclined to think that the " Reading Wars " are over, or that the main warriors in these wars are only professional educators and researchers who support either whole language or phonics approaches to reading will continuously rethink their views during the reading of Reading across International Boundaries: History, Policy, and Politics. Openshaw and Soler have compiled a collect...

W3: PTSD and War

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop after a terrifying event involving physical injury or the threat of physical harm in war. Eight years of war after Iraq attacked Iran (between 1980-1988) caused thousands of PTSD among Iranian soldiers as well as civilians. Many of those people are suffering several decades from this form of anxiety most now a complicated form of complex PTSD. Y...

Unjust War

I The Traditional Theory of the Just War The traditional theory of the just war comprises two sets of principles, one governing the resort to war (jus ad bellum) and the other governing the conduct of war (jus in bello). One of the central pillars of the traditional theory is that the two set of principles are, in Michael Walzer's words, " logically independent. It is perfectly possible for a j...